The Six Days of Creation
Allegorical Interpretations
It was not by
accident that the allegorical exegesis of the creation account found its first
development at Alexandria .
The Jewish theologians who had flourished there favoured this type of
interpretation. Philo (born c. 25
B.C.), in particular, interpreted the account of the creation of the world and
of man as symbolic and figurative. He taught that creation was instantaneous
and that the six days of Genesis were a device for expressing the perfection of
order to be found in the universe. Undoubtedly influenced by Philo, Clement of Alexandria (c. 200) held
that all things were produced simultaneously by God and that the distinction of
days was not to be taken as marking a temporal succession, but rather as a
method of exposition adapted to human intelligence to indicate various
gradations in being. Origen likewise
took up the theme of simultaneous creation, which was thenceforth to occupy the
attention of many exegetes. It is noteworthy that Origen was born at Alexandria while Ptolemy was perhaps still living, and
that he taught in a school that was guided by the thought of the great
astronomer.
Origen wrote a commentary on Genesis, and from the fragments that survive, it appears that he understood the astronomy of his day quite well; because of the allegorical character of his teaching, however, it is difficult to know how he evaluated the Ptolemaic theories. Other Alexandrians worthy of mention include St. Athanasius (373), who held that all species had been created together and by the same command, and St. Cyril (444), who, while sympathetic to the methods of the school, was somewhat more reserved in his conclusions.
Origen wrote a commentary on Genesis, and from the fragments that survive, it appears that he understood the astronomy of his day quite well; because of the allegorical character of his teaching, however, it is difficult to know how he evaluated the Ptolemaic theories. Other Alexandrians worthy of mention include St. Athanasius (373), who held that all species had been created together and by the same command, and St. Cyril (444), who, while sympathetic to the methods of the school, was somewhat more reserved in his conclusions.